Swiss organ donor's story: 'Why I'm giving my friend a kidney'

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Sibylle decided to help because there was no hope of a family donor and Switzerland has one of the lowest rates of donation in Europe

Sibylle决定提供帮助，因为没有家庭捐赠者的希望，瑞士是欧洲捐赠率最低的国家之一

Sibylle is in her 50s. She is a psychologist, she is married, and she has two sons who are both at university.

Sibylle已经50多岁了。她是一名心理学家，已婚，她有两个儿子都在大学。

She leads an active life with lots of responsibilities and has now embarked on a journey that for many people would be unthinkable.

她过着积极的生活，有很多责任，现在已经开始了一段旅程对于很多人来说是不可想象的。

Next week she will donate a kidney to an old school friend.

下周，她将捐钱给一位老同学。

She lives in Switzerland, which enjoys one of the highest standards of living in the world and one of the most comprehensive health services.

她住在瑞士，它拥有世界上最高的生活标准之一，也是最全面的医疗服务之一。

But when it comes to organ donation, about 100 people die each year, waiting for an organ transplant under Switzerland's system that requires explicit consent from people while they are alive.

但在器官捐赠方面，每年约有100人死亡，在瑞士的体制下等待器官移植，需要人们在活着时明确同意。

Why Swiss rate of donation is so low

为什么瑞士的捐赠率如此之低

Last year there were 158 post-mortem organ donors, but more than 1,400 people remained on the waiting list. They face, at best, years of ill health, unable to work, before finally getting a transplant.

去年共有158名尸检器官捐献者，但仍有超过1,400人留在候补名单上。在最终接受移植之前，他们充其量只能面对多年的健康状况，无法工作。

A key reason for the shortage is that half of all relatives of those who have died simply do not know what their loved ones' wishes were, says the national organ donation foundation, Swisstransplant.

短缺的一个关键原因是所有亲属的一半亲属国家器官捐赠基金会Swisstransplant表示，他们根本不知道他们所爱的人的愿望是什么。

“Because of that, during conversations with families, requests for organ donation are rejected in 60% of cases,” Franziska Beyeler of Swisstransplant told the BBC.

“因此，在与家人交谈时，器官捐赠的要求是在60％的案件中被拒绝，”Swisstransplant的Franziska Beyeler告诉BBC。

Image copyrightSwisstransplantImage caption Switzerland's national donor organisation has launched an online register to encourage people to give their consent online

图片copyrightSwisstransplantImage标题瑞士国家捐赠组织已经启动了一个在线注册，鼓励人们在线同意

A campaign is under way to change the law, so that people would have to actively opt out of organ donation, rather than opt in.

正在开展一项改变法律的运动，以便人们不得不主动选择退出器官捐赠，而不是选择加入。

But a referendum on changing the law is years away, and that is why people like Sibylle are choosing more radical solutions.

但是，关于改变法律的公投还需要几年的时间，这就是为什么喜欢Sibylle的人选择更激进的解决方案的原因。

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Why Sibylle decided to help

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Sibylle and her friend have known each other since high school, and bonded over the six-week residential “housekeeping course”, which all Swiss schoolgirls once had to go on.

Sibylle和他朋友从高中毕业后相互认识，并在六周的住宿“家政课程”中保持着良好的关系，所有瑞士女学生曾经不得不继续这样做。

“They sent a washing machine specialist to talk to us and someone who explained the best way to decorate a living room,” Sibylle remembers.

“他们送去洗衣服机器专家与我们以及解释装饰起居室的最佳方式的人交谈，”Sibylle记得。

She always knew her friend had kidney disease, a condition that would likely deteriorate as she got older.

她一直都知道她的朋友患有肾病，这种情况很可能随着年龄的增长而恶化。

But she never knew how serious it was until, a couple of years ago when they were out hiking, her friend confided that her doctor had said it was time to go on the transplant waiting list.

但她从未知道如何直到几年前，当他们外出徒步旅行时，她的朋友才知道她的医生说是时候进行移植等候了。

With no siblings, children, nieces or nephews, she had no chance of a family donor.

没有兄弟姐妹，孩子，侄女或侄子，她没有家庭捐赠的机会。

Sibylle spent that night awake and, the next morning, told her friend she would be prepared to donate a kidney.

Sibylle当晚醒了，第二天早上，她告诉她的朋友她准备捐款肾脏。

First she had to find out if her kidney was suitable for her friend. Batteries of tests followed: “I had to give at least 25 different blood samples,” she says.

首先，她必须找出答案如果她的肾脏适合她的朋友。接下来的测试电池：“我必须提供至少25种不同的血液样本，”她说。

Scans and screenings took months. Then she found out she was a match and had to tell her family.

扫描和放映需要数月时间。然后她发现她是一场比赛，不得不告诉她的家人。

The reaction was not entirely positive.

反应并非完全正面。

Her mother-in-law reminded her of her responsibilities to her children. Her husband and sons have accepted her decision but worry about the possible consequences for her future health.

她的母亲法律让她想起了她对孩子的责任。她的丈夫和儿子已经接受了她的决定，但担心她未来的健康可能会受到什么影响。

How Switzerland compares with rest of Europe

瑞士与欧洲其他国家的比较

• Switzerland has one of the lowest rates of organ donation in Europe, with just 18 deceased organ donors per million people

  瑞士是欧洲器官捐赠率最低的国家之一，每百万人中只有18名死者器官捐献者

• Spain has Europe's highest rate of donation with 47 per million.

  西班牙是欧洲捐赠率最高的国家，每百万人中有47％。

• Switzerland has 60% of family refusals to consent for organ donation of a deceased relative

  瑞士有60％的家庭拒绝同意对于已故亲属的器官捐献

• France has a 25% rate of refusal (source Swisstransplant)

  法国的拒绝率为25％（来源Swisstransplant）

Unlike Switzerland, most European countries now have a system of “presumed consent” for organ donation from deceased donors.

Unlik瑞士，大多数欧洲国家现在都有一个“假定同意”系统，用于捐献死者捐献的器官。

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Presumed consent operates in Wales and will come into effect in England in 2020. Scotland is considering reforms to its laws, and in Northern Ireland a voluntary “opt-in” system exists.

威尔士的推定同意书将于2020年在英格兰生效苏格兰正在考虑对其法律进行改革，在北爱尔兰，存在一个自愿的“选择加入”制度。

• UK's Max and Keira's organ consent law passed

  英国Max和Keira的器官许可法通过

• Marked increase in kidney transplants in Scotland

  苏格兰肾脏移植手术显着增加

• Ten years since Scotland's first living kidney donation to a stranger

  自苏格兰第一次向陌生人捐献肾脏后十年

Medical experts say co-ordination and infrastructure around organ donation and transplantation are also a key factor in donor rates.

医学专家说协调器官捐赠和移植的基础设施也是捐赠率的关键因素。

Last year, Swisstransplant set up an online donor register in the hope of encouraging more potential donors, and providing doctors and families with the chance to check whether a deceased person would have wanted to be a donor.

去年，Swisstransplant建立了一个在线捐赠者登记册，希望鼓励更多潜在的捐赠者，并提供医生和家人有机会检查死者是否愿意成为捐赠者。

Donor decisions

捐助决定

Sibylle's story remains relatively rare but, because of the organ shortage, Swiss doctors are seeing more cases of non-family living donors.

Sibylle的故事仍然相对罕见，但由于器官短缺，瑞士医生看到更多的非家庭生活捐赠者。

A colleague of hers is also about to donate a kidney, to a man she worked with, whose ill health forced him into early retirement.

她的一位同事也将捐肾，一个与她一起工作的男人，他的身体状况不佳迫使他提前退休。

The donor's explicit and continued consent is essential.

捐赠者的明确和持续同意至关重要。

Sibylle has been repeatedly asked, in a variety of ways, if she is absolutely sure about her decision. She has been told she can change her mind, even on the day of the operation.

Sibylle一再被问到如果她绝对肯定她的决定，以各种方式ision。她被告知她可以改变她的mid，即使在手术当天。

She and her friend were required to undergo counselling. Sibylle has been warned that she may suffer depression and that the relationship with her friend may change, and even suffer.

她和她的朋友必须接受咨询。 Sibylle已被警告说她可能会患上抑郁症，并且与她的朋友的关系可能会改变，甚至会受到影响。

“I think this is only something you can do if you feel really positive about it,” she says. “I have complete trust in the doctors, so I'm not scared, not at all.”

“我认为这只是你能做的事情对此持积极态度，”她说。 “我完全信任医生，所以我并不害怕，根本不是。”

“The main thing is, I have the ability to give someone their quality of life back, and I want to do that.”

“主要的是，我有能力给予他们一定的品质生活回来了，我想这样做。”