Pagmimina ng Crypto : Ano ang Kahulugan ng Hashrate ? (Bahagi 01)

Mga Pangunahing Kaalaman sa WikiFX (27 Marso 2021) - Ang “Hashrate” ay tumutukoy sa kabuuang pinagsamang kapangyarihan sa computational na ginagamit upang minain at maproseso ang mga transaksyon sa isang Proof-of-Work na blockchain, tulad ng Bitcoin at Ethereum (bago ang 2.0 upgrade).

Ang isang “hash” ay isang nakapirming haba na alphanumeric code na ginagamit upang kumatawan sa mga salita, mensahe at data ng anumang haba. Gumagamit ang mga proyekto ng Crypto ng iba't ibang mga iba't ibang mga algorithm ng pag-hash upang lumikha ng iba't ibang mga uri ng hash code - isipin ang mga ito tulad ng mga random na word generator na kung saan ang bawat algorithm ay isang iba't ibang sistema para sa pagbuo ng mga random na salita.

For instance, the hash for “coindesk” using the hashing algorithm that Bitcoin uses, SHA256, = f2429204b339475a3d94dd5450f5ebb3c80130a85fbb91d62768741a3b34a6b6

Before new transactional data can be added to the next block in the chain, miners must compete using their machines to solve a difficult mathematical problem. More specifically, miners are trying to produce a hash that is lower than or equal to the numeric value of the ‘target’ hash by changing a single value called a ‘nonce’. Each time the nonce is changed, an entirely new hash is created. This is effectively like a lottery ticket system, where each new hash is a unique ticket with its own set of numbers.

For example, if we take “coindesk” and change the first letter to make “foindesk,” we get this hash = 5a12a9af1b5794bf6855c15944339d41ff713665e415b5434b8c9f081c61b66a

Since each hash created is completely random, it can take millions of guesses – or hashes – before the target is met and a miner wins the right to fill the next block. Each time that happens, a block reward of newly minted coins is given to the successful miner along with any fee payments attached to the transactions they store in the new block.

The block reward, which is a predetermined amount of free coins given to a miner each time a new block is mined, undergoes a programmed halving in order to incrementally reduce the total supply over the course of a coins mining lifespan. For Bitcoin, block rewards are cut in half every 210,000 blocks, or approximately 4 years. As of 2021, miners receive 6.25 bitcoins each time they mine a new block. The next halving is expected to occur in 2024 and will see bitcoin block rewards drop to 3.125 bitcoins per block. Dash is another mineable cryptocurrency that reduces its block rewards by 7.14% every 210,240 blocks, while Litecoin halves its rewards every 840,000 blocks.

Application-specific integrated circuit (ASIC) mining hardware now dominates the crypto mining space and is solely designed to perform hashing functions. Some modern-day ASIC rigs are capable of achieving 110 tera hashes per second (TH/S), which equates to 110 trillion attempts at solving the hashing problem per second.

Miners are motivated to do all this in search of monetary rewards. In the process, though, they play a key role in securing cryptocurrencies, most famously Bitcoin, by making it more difficult (namely very expensive) for attackers to gain a 51% majority control over the blockchain network.

(To be continued ...)

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